Diamond Foam Business: Marketing Strategies Analysis

baseball field Foam Business Marketing Strategies AnalysisExecutive SummaryThis study falls into trey straggles. The initiatory fibre gives mental processs/transformation passage in rhombus Foam and Pak Electron LTD.In this plane section the different strategies standardised foodstuffplaceine,competitive priorities and corporate strategies has been discussed for each make-up.In second part the different thoughts or frameworks like history wariness, mathematical process measurement, total lumber attention, capacity planning and supply chain design has been interpreted. I have taken different case studies to explain the different methodologies. In the third part the imp impress of the different concepts and frameworks has been shown on each of the organization.a) Marketing Strategies of Diamond Foam post StrategyCustomer perceives Diamond Foam is lofty quality spark. Foam is high involvement product and people see terms and quality to begin with purchase it.Targ et MarketDiamond Foam has broad target market in Pakistan beca subroutine all product requires foam is their target market and person utilise that foam is their target node. Customers in south region are furniture showrooms and in north region are dealers and they not sell their products to discontinue-users. Diamond Foam used product development dodge with different product in current market.Marketing Mix StrategyProductProducts that are sell by Diamond Foam are forswear mattressBed sheets/comforterFoam mattressFoam productsQualityQuality aspects of Diamond Foams products are given below. thoroughgoing(a) peace of mind for their customers Diamond Foam never foregoes their responsibility in complete quality control. A good mattress isnt bonny dependent on its high quality standard hardly in addition the quality of after-sale service that gives you lasting comfort and security.Diamond Foam has a quality control department who construct products and processes according to SOP s (Standard Operating Procedures) for efficient and hazard-free operations.Diamond Foam offer high quality cat sleep products that are outstanding value with all the organic benefits of a good night.FeaturesFeatures of products that are manufactured by Diamond Foams are given below.Offer high quality sleep products that are outstanding values with all the wellnessful benefits of a good night.Medically it is proven that not everybody is comfortable sleeping on a plain surface, and Diamond Foam discoloration, dolce Vita Adjustable hit the sack, gives you that option to raise your head or feet to a send where you are most(prenominal) comfortable.Brand NameFoam mattressEuropedic Memory FoamSpring mattressDolce Vita Pocket Spring MattressesDolce Vita Bonnell Spring MattressDiamond JumbolonJumbolon BoardJumbolon SprayJumbolon Rolls liveness style productsDolce Vita ReclinerDolce Vita Adjustable bedPackagingDiamond Foam provides good cover and polythene bag for their products.Returns In warrantee period, Diamond Foam replace foam mattress with foam mattress when it is damaged.divine serviceServices of Diamond Foam are given below.Going beyond traditional service, to provide state of the art customer care devour, and want to suck up customers loyalty by delivering services that anticipate their needs.Diamond Foam is constantly looking for ship canal to improve their service by listening to customers, monitoring fulfilance and use uping the best get along.GuaranteeGuarantee that is given to customers are given below.Customer relaxation is intensified by the fact that every product is sold with dependable guarantee and superior class after-sales services.Diamond Foam take pjustifye to be the finest mattresses corporation, who similarly adheres to its philosophy to provide superior after-sale service by plentiful the reliable guarantee that looks after your comfort year after year.They repair or replace your mattress, this guarantee continues from the origi nal date of purchase.Diamond Foam also gives guarantee on stitches pulled out of the handle where sewn to the mattress.Customers guarantee is valid for original purchaser further and it protects you from the day you purchase your mattress or complete sleep administration, and continues according to the Guarantee Period specified.DiscountsAll brands of Dolce Vita (Pocket Spring), Duet and Dolce Vita (Bonnell Spring), except arrogant Jacquard Fabric and Supreme, are discounted 23% for dealers and distributors. Supreme Jacquard Fabric and Supreme are discounted by 15%.WarrantiesDiamond Foam gives warranties to their customers from 10 years to 12 years.Payment PeriodsDiamond Foam gives a payment period to their customers up to 3 months.Credit ItemsDiamond Foam sells their item normally on cash basis but more or lesstimes gives on credit to particular customers. rankCoverageDiamond Foam has coverage to Pakistan, Dubai, Afghanistan and Egypt.LocationsDiamond Foam has different distrib ution center in and outside Pakistan, which provide foam to end-users.InventoryDiamond Foam never faces a riddle of stock out because matchless day plant work in a day generate line for 2 weeks.TransportDiamond Foam has 150 trucks, which provide foam to dealers and distributors.PromotionAdvertisingDiamond Foam spends 10% of sales annually on advertisement and uses all elbow room for communication (e.g. billboards, TV, radio, etc) for advertise their foam.Sales PromotionDiamond Foam gives different rates of discount to distributors on different brands. usable Strategies of Diamond FoamDiamond Foam provides standardized foam in large cadence (mass doing), continuously improves their operations and processes. Sometimes they do mass customization (in call of size and smoothness, which is described by customers). Diamond Foam has no computer-integrated design for design of foam. Diamond Foam has skilled labor (job grass over) and all plants are modify (dedicated transfer lines) and parts are not group in concert before the operation because unity man can operate plant. Operations department is credi cardinalrthy for reservation highly economical, efficient and customer oriented operations from receipt of products to safe storage and onward dispatches to customers (dealers) timely and efficiently.How Diamond Foam make foamFirst of all they gather natural materials (PPG, TDI and catalysts). Three of them add in one tube and after this heat is given to their mixture and after this effect is spread by air and foam pass on be generated.Core FunctionsFollowing are core functions of Diamond Foams operations departmentProduct goodHandling StorageDispatchesHospitalityOperation DepartmentPurchasing Strategies of Diamond FoamDiamond Foam purchases raw materials from many suppliers (multiple sourcing) of Korea, Taiwan and China. The basic raw material used in the process is Polypropylene Glycol (PPG), Toluene Di Isocynate (TDI) and many catalysts. Price of raw materials (PPG and TDI) is based on price of crude oil color ($100/barrel). TDI prices have maturationd up to 35% since last 10 months. The primary function of the Diamond Foams purchasing department is to purchase the supplies, materials, equipment and services inevitable to insure that maximum value is obtained for each rupees spent. Specific responsibilities, duties and functions of Diamond Foams purchasing department are as at a lower placePolicies and ProceduresDevelop purchasing objectives, policies, programs and procedures for the purchase and spotting for all materials, supplies, equipment and services.SpecificationsPrepare and assemble specifications and technical requirements.Consolidation Bulk PurchasingExplore the possibilities of buying in bulk to take full advantage of quantity discounts. According to the situation, Diamond Foam can purchase twice the raw material than needed due to fluctuations in the prices of petroleum products.StandardizationWork with othe r keen departments to constitute standardization of materials, supplies and equipment where practicable within a competitive environment.Compliance with lawsInsure that all purchases are made in compliance with applicable statutes, rules, regulations and policies. sinful for employeesUnlawful for employees to purchase any materials, supplies, equipment, or make any contract with anyone without the consent/permission of purchasing department.PAK ELECTRON LTDPEL was realised in 1956. with the technical collaboration of M/S AEG, West Germany. It is the oldest composite electrical equipment-manufacturing unit of Pakistan with the object of initially producing transformers, switchgears and electric motors. In 1962 after conclusion of joint venture down the stairsstanding with AEG, total dowryholding was purchased than by sponsors M/S Malik Brothers Limited.COMPETITIVE PRIORITIESCOSTLow approachcalibreConsistent quality with high class appliance performance.flexiblenessA lot of volu me, equipment and workforce flexibility is present.OPERATIONAL/ FUNCTIONAL TESTINGHere a refrigerator is operationally/ functionally tested. It is operated for a whole day.QUALITY CONTROL CHECKINGHere the quality assurance is checked. The refrigerator is checked technically and physically by quality control.PACKING SECTION-Now the refrigerator is adjust for packing after quality control checking. So the refrigerators are packed according to their models and colors, and delivered to the Storeroom.INVENTORY MANAGEMENT pixel is in a seasonal wrinkle since the demand season for their product is from April to September. PEL management estimates the demand very carefully and tries to avoid the pilling of the inventory. Production of PEL jump in Feb. to April and they need more(prenominal) Inventories in this season. To keep the overhead charges low PEL has a small no of permanent workers which -work through out the year. However to meet the demand of the banknote season the managemen t hire the workers at the temporary basis just before the start of the season.REORDER POINTOptimal replenish inventory system is used by PEL. In more technical terms the minimum level serves as reorder point.For managing the Inventory of different types, The guild divides the inventory into two broad categories.Raw material InventoryFinished goods Inventory cleverness MEASUREIn every department PEL has got some(prenominal) machines which are used in the production of divers(a) appliances and electrical equipment whose capacity is measured in term of the output measures.BOTTLE NECKIn the whole production process in that location are certain stages which are more time consuming than the others. So this limits the out put rate to a minimum level to that which was expected. In the process of the refrigerator manufacturing the bottleneck is created at the thermo foaming machine. In the process from base making to the packing at the stage of the foaming this bottleneck is created.CAPA CITY STRATEGIESCAPACITY CUSHIONOn the average each department has the capacity cushion which varies from 5% to 15%ECONOMIES OF SCALEPEL is trying to reduce its live through enjoying the economies of scales in his processes. Because of the purchasing in the bulk and using the activities as the measure of the overhead charges PEL has been prosperous in reducingThe cost of materialsThe cost struck in the processesThe cost in the overhead.b)Warburtons managing the supply chain to meet customer needsWarburtons is a family firm founded in 1870s. It is the 2nd largest grocery brand in UK. Its main focus is on quality not quantity. It holds a market share of 25% of wrapped bread which makes it a market consumeer. It produces roughly two million of bakery products daily due to which there is an everyday fresh supply of baked products in the market.Warburtons have divided their economy into common chord sectors primary, secondary and tertiary.The primary sector involves, the growing and extraction of raw materials, like grains. Warburtons work with the farmers of UK and Canada to get a very good quality of grain/wheat. thirdhand sector deals with converting the collecting raw material, that is, wheat into flour and then finally flour into bread. From fifty years, Warburtons are working with millers which convert their wheat into quality flour. then this flour is used to bake quality breads. Many modern techniques are used to perfectly bake bread and ensure quality.Tertiary sectors bridges other firms and clients with Warburtons. Tertiary sector is largest in UK as compared with primary and secondary. Warburtons have more than 900 delivery vehicles, which ensure a fresh supply of bread in market every day. It uses software to ensure efficiency of this fleet.(thetime100Warburtons)Total Quality prudenceAny company in the world can get 100% customer satisfaction and the default can be minimized to zero by using total quality management.Nissan(thetime100Nissan)Introd uctionNissan Motor Manufacturing UK is the UKs largest car manufacturing plant. It is also the most productive plant in Europe. This success is due to careful planning and design.Total Quality Management (TQM)TQM is a key feature of Nissans representation of working. It means that everyones focus is on quality at all times. It is a way of operating that requires people to take on an improvement culture where everyone is looking for ways to improve.Just in timeThis means that production happens just as it is needed. Cars are produced as customers need them components arrive as assembly lines need them, and so on. In this way, production is more efficient and there is no cash tied up in stocks either of raw materials or finished goods. all(prenominal) vehicle is electronically monitored at all stages of production so that its progress can be checked. nurtureIn much(prenominal) a high engine room environment it is distinguished that people are trained. NMUKs training department concentrates on both technical and people development, providing opportunities for all employees.KaizenKaizen means continuous improvement. It means that Nissan believes that even the smallest transport can make a difference. Improvements are usually suggested by small teams, who meet to share ideas for improvements.Unison(thetime100Unison)Every tender-hearted has a dear to be healthy and work in an environment where he/she is safe. Trade unions, like UNISON provides workers with their regenerates, health and safety.UNISON (the public service trade union) was organize in 1993, and nowadays it is UKs largest trade union. Its main focus is on providing workers with their rights, health and safety. It is a merger of three public sector unions in which two-third workforce consists of women. It has been sight that in presence of UNISONs safety representatives, ratio of accidents and demise is decreased by half.UNISON plays an important role in workplace, like providing higher ben efits (pays, compensations etc.) to the workers with extra holidays.It cares for the cleansing staff (as they are dealing with higher rate of accidents), looks after the catering (by improving food levels in schools and hospitals etc.)UNISONs legislation consists of two types of laws/clause one is the HASAWA act 1974 (which bounds the employer to care and calculate risk for employees safety) and other law/clause binds the employee to look after itself and workers around him/her for their safety.UNISONs viewpoint is to provide long lasting health and safety for the workers. It focuses on women health and safety, reducing violence, bullying, passive smoking and minimizing the stress of the workers.Capacity PlanningNissan(thetime100Nissan)ProductionCar assembly is a complex operation with many components requiring skilled assembly.Thats a crude indication of what is involved. Management are particularly keen to monitor total machine-hours and total labour-hours that each vehicle requi res.So far, Nissan has invested over 2.1 billion in the Sunderland site, taking its production capacity to 500,000 vehicles per year.Production methods moldiness be able to produce what customers want, in the quantities customers require, at a price consumers are leave aloneing to pay, and at a cost that yields a profit to the business. That means that be efficient is vital to success.In some industries it is possible to give birth out individual job production to meet a particular customers request e.g. a wedding dress, a birthday cake, a fitted kitchen. However, very to the highest degree all of the worlds car manufacturers mass produce standard models, with individual consumer choice being accommodated by offering unlike colours, interior designs, and optional extras within a limited flexible production process. People can still personalise their cars further e.g. by choosing a particular car registration or accessories.In pursuit of high output at low average cost, car manu facturing typically uses a continuous flow production method, where sub-assemblies are brought together in a final assembly area. This is the most cost effective and efficient method of production and the speed of the final assembly line can be adjusted to match consumer demand. If demand picks up, the production line can be accelerated, within predefined limits.At NMUK, the production flow draws on three main production shops, as well as support areas. The three main shops arebody assemblypaintingfinal assembly.Supporting manufacturing areas arepress shop produces panels for the vehiclesplastics shop makes bumpers (fenders) on sitecastings shop makes engine parts e.g. cylinder headsengine shop assembles engines, installs oil, coolant fuelaxle plant produces axles that are joined to engines in final assembly.Widely different processes generate different jobs across three main broad areas.The machinery is scheduled to work at a given level although when demand requires it there is flexibility in regard to both the machinery and the workforce of 4,300. At the moment, with a two-shift pattern, NMUK has a total production capacity of around 360,000 units/year a third shift can be introduced which would take production up to 500,000 units/year if and when take.Performance Measurement(thetime100cocacola)In any business activity it is important to be able to measure the success of strategies and operational activities. Measuring performance is the best way of assessing how effective strategies and initiatives have been, with a view to making detach adjustments. Organisations need to measure and report performance against stated aims contained in a business plan, eg daily output, employee turnover. The business exit tend to measure and evaluate only those aspects of its business over which it has control. Ideally these measurements should also be benchmarked so that everyone can see how performance compares with others.Coca-Cola uses detailed sets of performa nce indicators for many areas of its activities, including its work to promote companionable responsibility. Community performance indicators includeImpact evaluations of community programmes. These include indicators of educational attainment as well as of environmental rearment and conservation.Perception measures of the Company as a good neighbour.Inventory Management( inventorymanagement.com)Inventory management is primarily well-nigh specifying the size and placement of stocked goods. Inventory management is needed at different locations within a facility or within multiple locations of a supply network to protect the regular and planned way of life of production against the random disturbance of running out of materials or goods. The scope of inventory management also concerns the fine lines between replenishment lead time, carrying be of inventory, asset management, inventory forecasting, inventory valuation, inventory visibility, future inventory price forecasting, phys ical inventory, available physical space for inventory, quality management, replenishment, returns and defective goods and demand forecasting.c) Peldoes not have proper inventory planning by the management due to which heavy amount of the money is being put by the company in the inventory.PEL has the strength also that it has a good repute for the company as being the quality conscious company. It has own experts for the suggest of the control of the quality of products. Due to the good sight selection for the purpose of the power division the company has more access to the whole of the markets of the country. The company also has well established system of the distribution of the company although it is not the integrated one but it is working smoothly.The company should also make some of the methods for the purpose of the keeping the inventory at the optimal level. Proper planning of the material can decrease the amount of the investment in the inventories by the company. The mana gement of this company does not use the sophisticated technique while making or performing the function of the demand forecasting by the company. They rely more on the judgmental methods for the purpose of the projection by the company about their sales.In Diamond Foam the training is given to workers for developing their skills for future. The promotion based on consistent with job. determineing is given on by-line basis.Identify the gap in performance of the employeesCompile detail of employee require trainingIdentify the areas of trainingIdentify the skills of trainees.Train the employeeManagement assesses the training programs success or failure.Benefits for employeesBenefits for employees provided by Diamond Foam are as under.Medical allowances given by the company to the candidateluncheon and dinner facility for employeesApron, gloves and other requirements related to production of foam mattress will be provided by the companyUniforms provided by the company to helpers/guard Health and sentry duty policiesHealth and safety policies are described by Diamond Foam are given below.Production area should be cleanFirst financial aid should be provided in case of any emergencyProper ventilation system/ exhaust fans to maintain the temperatureIn case of any fire there should be fire extinguisher and an exit door in factory and different officesElectric wires should be placed as no wires come under feet. Wire should be correctly placedConclusionI have researched both companies and I have gained much knowledge about different aspects,operations,frameworks in both organization Diamond Foam and PEL.Both are using different types of inventory management, Total Quality managemeny,supply chain design, performance measures,capacity planning.Buddhism What Is Nirvana?Buddhism What Is Nirvana?Buddhism represents one of the greatest religions in the world. Its roots are traced back in India, and today it forms the major religion of countries such as Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Th ailand, Vietnam, Myanmar and Cambodia. Buddhists have also been found to affiance some areas in Europe including Asia, Australia and America. The major distinguishing feature of Buddhism is that, Buddhists never believe in God as with the other religions. Buddha is the figure from which they obtain and follow their phantasmal teachings. Buddha is not recognized as a cite. It stands for a title which carries the meaning of the enlightened one. All Buddhists have one main goal, to become enlightened just like Buddha and live free from all manner of proneness. Buddhism came from the transformative view of enlightenment followed by his compassionate feeling of helping others realize paradise by themselves (Ganeri, p. 3 Trainor, p. 66).The teachings of Buddhism come from the experiences Buddha has while searching the truth about woe and how it can be ended. Buddha had several lessons. The first lesson was known as the Four Noble truths. These teachings explained that the experienc es of suffering is everyones in life. This suffering is as a progeny of people not being contended with what they have. According to the Second Noble truth, suffering is caused by swear. A term trishna is usually used and implies that all human beings yearn for a number of things. These include food, power, sex and possessions. Buddha explains that all these are world troubles and are grow deeply in desire. Desire is known to wrap the human mind distorting our understanding and leading us to desire-driven ways. Such ways tend to ensure human continued suffering and inevitable samara. Samara is likened to a flooding river in the early texts of Buddha. This river sweeps away humanity to misery, death and rebirth. This flooding is as a result of submitting to desire. Buddhas teachings are likened to a raft that can be used to take refuge, overcoming the water currents and reaching the other end. This is the offshore end which is safer and is likened to nirvana. It is argued in pali texts that desire is integral in the world and because of this its power managed to shape life on earth (Trainor, p. 66).The Third Noble Truth highlights a terse reference to the Buddhists of import focus on the spiritual causation. The cyclical cause pattern and the effect through which desire leads to intense suffering can be reversed. This will in conclusion be controlled leading to the possibilities of enlightenment and nirvana.First humans were non-material beings and enjoyed blissful and long lives. One of them happened to taste the sweetest thing on earth, and the same thing today is being consumed by crave and desire. The other humans tasted the sweet thing and the radiance disappeared. Peoples bodies became solid as plants and other edible materials appeared. Desire became so powerful such that creatures divided themselves into gender, initiated sex along with theft, lying, and harmful actions. All these characterize the world as we know it today. Buddhism gives careful a nalysis in the early texts which explained that the existence of desire will prevent one from reaching nirvana (Trainor, p. 66).Philosophers in Buddhism divide desire into three kinds for sensual pleasure, for rebirth and future rebirth. Early Buddhists found difficulties following the idea of ending desire. For Buddhists, the body is to be respected and should maintain life. It should be cared for but not loved. Desire must also be eliminated without mutilating the body. Focus on desire makes plain Buddhists emphasis on renunciation and detachment. Buddhists everyday life involves renunciation of the everyday world of desire in favor of the monastic community. Sangha settled for a refuge just for this (Harvey, p. 69). This would offer individuals a chance to lead a simple life and and then lose their desires. At the same time, the name of Buddha would be administered as good medicine of his Dharma to sick humanity. Advanced stages in refuge lead to the desire to learn more of Bud dhas teachings. The desire to be enlightened was to be renounced so as to reach nirvana, the ultimate goal of all Buddhists (Trainor, p. 66). There is also another way of bringing the aspects of desire to an end. This is through following the lessons of the Noble multiple roadway. Buddha, from his experiences had realized that there is no happiness in great hardship or great luxury. Thus, he taught the Noble Eightfold path that is divided into eight parts (Ganeri, p. 6).Right understanding is the first part and involves gaining as understanding of Buddhas teachings. The second part is that of right designing. This part says that people should have compassion about others and always think about them in a very kind and generous way. Rights speech is the third part and teaches people not to tell lies, speak unkindly or swear. The fourth part is right action. People are taught not to steal, kill or perform actions that might upset or harm other people. The fifth part is right livelih ood and teaches people to earn their living in ways that do not cause harm to others. Right effort represents the sixth part and teaches people to make the effort of being compassionate and kind. The seven-spotth part is that of right mindfulness, which involves being aware of your own thoughts and actions. Lastly, there is right concentration where people are taught to train their minds to be clear and calm always (Ganeri, p. 6).Lifes purpose for most people, for example, in Thailand, is to get enough merit through acting and thinking in a better way. It is also unders likewised that it takes several lives to reach the goal of nirvana. Buddhism as discussed already, arose from the transformation of Buddhas experience of nirvana and his compassion to help other people realize nirvana by themselves. Buddhists wise statements compare nirvana with fire extinction. Ancients Indians understand that extinguishing a flame releases the flame so that it returns to an agitated, diffuse and e ternal state. Nirvana bears these associations, although it is most often believed to be ahead of all known states of existence (Trainor, p. 69).Men and women realize nirvana through cultivation of wisdom (prajna). Prajna is the active capacity for discernment of the spiritual world, realizing the accredited record of reality, which is described as something marked by suffering, impermanence, non-self and the three characteristics of existence. Complete development of prajna is vital to enlightenment. This is a view that has been shared by all Buddhists schools. Enlightenment, as a term, expresses how the fullness of prajna eliminates all aspects of ignorance and at the same time enabling the mind the see clearly, what reality is all about (Trainor, p. 70).Enlightened individuals at their death enter parinirvana which means complete nirvana. This is an after death state and is beyond description as many texts put it. Nirvana has been discussed covering both its autocratic and neg ative sides a realm where there exists no sun or moon, going or coming an impersonal state transcending individuality. Basing on positive terms, nirvana is at times described as eternal, pure, tranquil and deathless. Philosophers in Buddhism are known to recognize nirvana as the only reality that is permanent in the cosmos. Nirvana is famously considered as indescribable. It is not as depicted erroneously by the early Western interpreters as annihilation meaning an extreme position jilted by the Buddha. An influential definition of nirvana used by the Mahayana tradition presents the famous dictum of the philosopher Nagarjuna. Practitioners in many of the existing traditions have endeavored with cup of tea and eloquence in expression of their experience and enlightenment (Trainor, p. 68).According to Buddhas Noble eightfold path, the fourth noble truth offers the formula for getting rid of desire. The eight ideals described in the concept provide a cure for the continued cycle of r ebirth, suffering and death. These eight ideals are divided traditionally into three categories, which all mark the progressive path to nirvana. The three categories include morality under right speech, right action and right livelihood meditation under right effort, right mindfulness and right concentration and lastly, the cultivation of prajna under right view and right thought. Buddhas definition of the Eightfold path rejected two ideas that are known to be central to the religions of the other world. The first idea is that there is no relationship or belief in the transcendental creator God. This God is the one who is known to sustain the world and also people depend on him for salvation and security. The second idea is that of believing in an immortal soul. This idea is rejected as false consolation that is similarly unsupported by critical analysis. Soul, just like God, is described as a projection of the human mind that is desire-driven in the search for immortality and secu rity (Trainor, p. 68).Eightfold Path is emphasized by the Buddha as a operable guide that is goal-directed. He told his disciples to avoid engaging in mere intellectualism or idle speculations. There is one famous parable of, The Poison Arrow which Buddha uses to describe a problem facing a man who has been hit by a poison-tipped arrow. The Buddha suggests about three questions which the man should possibly ask. The first question is if the man should inquire about the person who shot arrow and the second one about the wood type the arrow is made of. The third question is whether the shot was aimed low or higher. afterwards analyzing a series of other similar scenarios, Buddha explains that only if the man practically addresses the mortal danger that is before him, through getting rid of the poison that would kill him, can he survive. Buddha cautioned his disciples about wasting their time on pointless philosophical inquiries they will end up squandering their spiritual opportuni ties (Trainor, p. 71).The path to nirvana has several classing stages. The first stage is that of steam-enterers who realize the illusion of the self and no longer doubt Buddhas path. They thus expect more than seven rebirths before attaining nirvana. At an advanced stage, the devotee becomes a once returner. He or she has a highly developed prajna, and this means that the person will experience further human life once. Mahayana and Theravada Buddhism both consider Buddha as the highest form of being. Theravada traditions consider both the Buddha and arbat (the enlightened one) to have fully developed prajna (Trainor, p. 88). They also share the same realization of nirvana and pass into the parinirvana state (cessation of birth) (Harvey, p. 223).Buddha taught his followers to be teachers and also to realize that they are different persons, each of whom bearing different situation determined by their karma. Depending on whether they are ordinary people, learners or adopts, each of t hem has to be instructed in a different way and led as needful by Buddhas path. Tradition puts emphasis on the opportunity of human birth that it should not be wasted regardless of the individuals level. Life should thus not be wasted and instead, should be lived with a purpose. Buddhists have a hope of attaining nirvana in the current life they lead and if not, in their future rebirth (Trainor, p. 71).Regarding the Four Noble truths, Buddha explains that if his vision of true knowledge failed to be fully and clearly understood, he stands not to have reached perfect enlightenment. To experience Nirvana, Buddhists should progress towards being more enlightened and gain a better understanding of the Four Noble Truth. This was to happen through meditation and critical consideration of what Buddhism is all about. Knowledge on the elements of the path, however, much sophisticated it appeared, was not sufficient. Following the path and polishing ones understanding of each of the known e lements will lead one to nirvana (Trainor, p. 71).The Noble Eightfold Truth path presents the most vital summary of the Buddhists practice. It is known to outline the necessary and progressive ways of realizing nirvana. The path is understood as the means of cultivating morality (shila) insight (prajna) and meditation (Samadhi) as has been stated. It stresses that progress in morality forms the foundation for the successful meditation. Successful meditation, on the other hand, serves the best platform for the development and perfection of wisdom or insight (Trainor, p. 72).The stages of the Eightfold Path towards Nirvana underscore the practical emphasis of Buddhism as whether, in the goal of raising moral standards, good conduct, the societys material welfare or eliminating desire-driven behavior, cognition restructuring and in the end realizing enlightenment. Moral practices or shila which fall under right speech, right action and right livelihood represent the starting point Budd hists path. A person cannot progress towards nirvana while lacking ethical integrity (Trainor, p. 72).Regarding karma, a person cannot bear the balance of karma that warrants reaching the advanced stages of the path to nirvana while behaving in an immoral way. Morality of Buddhists, when stated positively, dictates the wisdom of cultivating compassion, discernment and detachment. The morality of Buddhists hinges on three areas of human behaviors. These include speech, actions and livelihood. Right action as per a negative description means not to steal, kill or doing harm to others. These aspects of human behavior lead to negative karmic consequences poisoning the mind and thus predisposing a person to future immorality (Trainor, p. 72).Meditation according to the Eightfold path refers to the right effort, right concentration and right mindfulness. The term meditation encompasses various techniques and traditions that work hand in hand with the mind. It is necessary for the developm ent of the mind in terms of clarity of the mind, freedom from states of negativity, insights of conditioned reality that finally lead to nirvana. Meditation has its stem rooted in the experiences Buddha went through. Buddhas meditation was directed by the itinerant teachers, the holy men he stayed with while he was in the forest. A practitioner of meditation following Buddhas example may require a number of years of effort to master. He or she should also be guided by a mentor who is experienced so as to reach the advanced stages of meditation (Trainor, p. 72).Meditation develops on mindfulness together with the two elements of concentration and insight. Right concentration according to the Eightfold Path, is also known as trance meditation (Samadhi), and it involves intense focus on one object of meditation. This leads one to a state of one-pointedness through which the duality of other and self id dissolved. Standing in the conditioned or the unconditioned is a stamp in nirvana t aken up by the Mahayana Buddhism. It is referred to as apratisthita-nirvana or the non-abiding nirvana. It is usually seen as different from the elements of nirvana discussed in the pali texts. This nirvana as discussed by gadjin Nagao is the nirvana attained by the Bodhisattvas. The basic idea here is that Bodhisattvas attain nirvana because of wisdom and with through compassion, and also a Buddhist has no intention of reaching nirvana after death (Harvey, p. 221).Right view and right action are traditionally known as wisdom in Buddhism. They too culminate the means to nirvana. Right view is described as the thorough understanding of the Four Noble Truths while right thought is seen as a detachment from cruelty and hatred. These two aspects of human behavior are known to lead to enlightenment. Buddhas teachings provide unique teachings of achieving this. The success of a person that is pitiable from morality to meditation is measured by the development of prajna (Trainor, p. 74).B uddhism as a religion provides opportunities for other comparative studies with a diversified range of studies. Its emphasis on Middle way provides different guidelines for ethics and at the same time has allowed Buddhism as a religion to coexist with other differing beliefs, institutions and countries where it is practiced and customs. Its spirituals and moral teachings go parallel with other religions. The tenets of Christianity, as has been found by many scholars around the world have represented the subjects of close studies (Weeraperuma, p. 77).Reactive castrate Management Overview and example StudyReactive stir Management Overview and Case StudyIntroductionLife and inter adjustments were born together and they will live together, till the last sunset. The concept of alters was born with the organizations, however its evolution, development and connotations have frequently changed and its horizontal, as well as, vertical expansions and applications are extending day be day , with a fast speed. Manifold and three-d revolutions from era has enhance the speed of changes and given it many new-sprung(prenominal) shapes. It is very interesting phenomenon that inventions, discoveries, concepts, hypothesis and terminologies etc are coined or designed for one specific field, but then they outgrow and enter into many other fields and areas, carrying different meaning, perceptions and interpretations. In the present era of globalization and information technology, the organizations have to face various changes on a very rapid pace. Thus, demanding an increased and active participation of management towards identifying and reacting to the changes. The different ways to manage changes in organizations are being practice at various levels.Effective Change ManagementThe process of effective change management enables the organizations to successfully implement changes in the strategies and plans in order to enhance their effectiveness. The strategies can be impleme nted to deal various changes like changes in consumer behavior, technological developments etc. This concept appears to be helpful in responding to a change in the lifecycle of goods or services produced by the company and changes in the financial stableness of the company. Organizations may consider the effective change management strategies from a proactive or labile situation. Proactive situation demands manager to vigorously assess the current economic market and business atmospheric circumstances to highlight the changes keep in the near long-term future. By assessing these information, the managers adopt to develop business strategies to improve or enhance business operation.The Concept of Reactive Change ManagementIn order to cater the major shifts or changes occurs in the corporate world and economic market the organizations consider various strategies. Although, the approach of reactive change management normally appears to be imperceptible but the implementation of effec tive strategies can not only reduces its negative impacts but enable the companies to increase their market share.Factors to be Considered when Managing a ChangeThe change agentDetermining what should be changedThe kind of change to makeIndividuals change by the modificationsEvaluation of the modificationThe Change AgentThe identification and analysis of change agent comes out to be the most important factor while managing a reactive change in the corporate world. The change agent may requires some broad nature decisions like altering the culture of whole organization, or some narrow ones like designing and implementing a new safety program or a new quality program.Determining what should be changedSecondly the finalization of the factors which are required to be reviewed for managing changes in an organization is highly important. In common, managers should make only those changes that will increase organizational effectiveness. The organizational effectiveness primarily depends upon activities revolving around the three factors.a. Peopleb. Structurec. TechnologyPeople factors are attitudes, leadership skills, communication skills and all other characteristics of the human resources within the organization. Structural factors are organizational controls, such as policies and procedures. And technological factors are any types of equipment or processes that assist organization members in the performance of their jobs. For the management of organization, while managing changes the theme Appropriate people must be matched with appropriate technology and appropriate structure proves to be necessary.The Kind of Changes to MakeWhen the management has to review their current strategies for managing changes the factor of selecting appropriate areas is critical. For example in order to manage technological change the level of current technologies requires to be modified.Individuals Affected by the ChangeA fourth major factor to be considered by the organization whil e managing changes is the identification of its influences on the individuals both inside and outside of the organization. A good assessment of what to change and how to make the change will be wasted if organization members do not support the change.Evaluation of the ModificationsIn connection with the other factors the evaluation of the modifications being made for managing changes is very necessary. It will enable the management to evaluate the effectiveness of the modifications made to manage change.Resistance to ChangeResistance to change is as common as the need of change. After managers decide to make some organizational changes, they typically meet with employee resistance aimed at preventing that change from occurring. Behind this resistance by organization members lies the idolise of some personal loss, such as a reduction in personal prestige, a disturbance of established social and working relationships, and personal failure because of inability to carry out new job re quirements.Reducing Resistance to ChangeTo ensure the success of needed modifications, management should be able to reduce the personal effects of the resistance that typically accompanies proposed change. Resistance can usually be lowered by following these guidelines1. Avoid Surprises People need time to evaluate a proposed change before management implements it. Unless they are given time to evaluate and absorb how the change will affect them. Whenever, possible individuals who will be affected by a change should be informed of the kind of change being considered and the probability that it will be adopted.2. Promote Real Understanding When fear of personal loss related to a proposed change is reduce, opposition to change is also reduced. Most managers find that ensuring that organization members thoroughly understand a proposed change is a major step in reducing this fear.3. Set the Stage for Change Perhaps the most powerful tool for reducing resistance to change is managements positive attitude toward the change. This attitude should be displayed openly by top and middle management as well as by lower management. In essence, management should convey that change is one of the basic prerequisites for a successful organization. Management should also strive to be seen as encouraging change to increase organizational effectiveness, rather than for sake of trying something new.Case Study of Strategic change at Samsung GroupCase study is a research strategy which involves investigation of a particular contemporary phenomenon in the real life situation using multiple sources of evidence. More elaborate explanation on the nature of the case study as a research strategy was given by Frenkel, Hommel, Dufey Markus, (2005). in whose view case study represents a specific way of collecting, organizing, and analyzing data. Grounded theory represents a strategy which posits that the data is collected through observations and compared to various theoretical frameworks in order to discover which of the data is the most appropriate. This leads the researcher into making predictions about the studied phenomena prior to putting the findings into test. However, the aim of grounded theory is to make studied data records well-developed and understood and to verify relationships between the findings and the case study in question (Frenkel, Hommel, Dufey Markus, 2005).Samsung Group, a company based in the Republic of Korea that produces electronic products like televisions and radios, was able to compete favorable in the world market on the basis of low product cost resulting primarily from cheap labor and a cheap Korean currency. But when both the competitive advantages vanished the company had to adopt some different strategies.The management of Samsung Group evaluated the circumstances and adopted a change in their strategy. They decided to utilize the factor of innovation by exploring new ideas and products instead of depending on low product cost. Thi s change management of the Samsung Group, enabled them to grab big dividends. The top management of Samsung also enabled to guide their employees towards the new strategies of bringing advance(a) products.Advantage of Reactive Change ManagementThe effective utilization of reactive change management enables the management of organizations to increase their market share and to bring success for their organization. Some of the main advantages are discussed below -.In-depth Assessment of ChangesThe reactive change management provides some additional time to access the impacts of changes being set about by the corporate world. It is obvious that the results of changes at any level can be determined after its implementation and a reasonable time span. Therefore, by adopting reactive change management the organization gets the opportunity to analyze the impact of changes and then finalizing the plans and strategies to cater those changes.Evaluation of Competitors Strategies and their Out comeReactive change management also enables the management to evaluate the changes adopted by their competitors to mange the change. Moreover, the outcome of those strategies could also be judged and considered while finalizing the change management strategies.Consultation for Change Management StrategiesReactive change management lets the management to embrace consultations within the organizational setup to evaluate the changes being encountered. Moreover, various suggestions regarding the strategies and policies can be discussed and their implications can be evaluated. This process will enable them to enhance the participating of various organizational members and results in enhancing the effectiveness of strategies and policies.Enhances the Stability of OrganizationStability of organization is as important as the need of growth. If an organization adopts change management strategies on frequent basis it will questions the factor of its stability. Reactive change management enabl es organizations to evaluate the factor of stability before adopting any change in their strategies.ConclusionMost of the managers agree that if an organization is to thrive, it must change in response to significant developments in the corporate environment, such as changing customer needs, technological breakthroughs, and new government regulations. The study of organizational changes is extremely important because all managers at all organizational levels are faced throughout their careers with the task of changing their organization. Managers who determine appropriate changes to make in their organizations and them implement such changes successfully enable their organizations to be more flexible and innovative. Change is such a fundamental part of organizational existence and growth. In additional to organizational change, degree of stability is a prerequisite for long-term organizational success. The organizational survival and growth are most probable when both stability and adaptation are high within the organization. The organization without enough stability to compliment changes is at a definite disadvantage. When stability is low the probability of organizational survival and success decline.